What is book binding cloth?
Book binding cloth, often called book cloth, is fabric used to cover the boards of a hardcover book, or to reinforce a spine. Traditional book cloth is a woven textile that has been treated, usually with a paper backing or a coating, so that it can be glued to board without the adhesive soaking through to the front. That treatment makes it easier to handle than plain fabric.
Cloth became the standard publisher’s covering from around the 1830s, replacing plain boards for many books. Publishers valued it as a durable covering that could be stamped and decorated. Terms such as “original cloth”, “publisher’s cloth” and “edition cloth” refer to this type of binding in book collecting.
Main types of binding cloth
Book cloth with paper backing
This is the most common choice for hobby binders. A woven cotton, rayon or similar fabric is bonded to a thin paper layer, which stops glue from seeping through and helps the fabric stay flat. It is often sold by the yard or in sheets in many colours and textures.
Starched or filled cloth
Some binding cloth is stiffened with starch or a similar filler instead of being paper-backed. It is traditionally used in commercial and library binding. It can be firmer and less flexible, and the finish may differ between suppliers.
Buckram
Buckram is a heavy, tightly woven cloth often used for library and institutional binding because it is hard-wearing. It is generally stiffer and heavier than lighter book cloths, which makes it a practical choice for books that will be handled frequently.
Linen
Linen cloth is valued for its strength and its natural woven texture. It is often used for fine bindings and spines. Bookbinders usually buy it prepared for binding, though it can also be prepared at home with backing.
Cotton and cotton blends
Plain cotton is cheap and widely available, and many binders back it themselves. Tightly woven cotton is easier to work with than loosely woven fabric, which may fray or allow adhesive to show through.
Silk and decorative fabrics
Silk and other decorative textiles can make beautiful covers, but they are delicate and need careful backing and a steady hand with adhesive. They are better suited to display or occasional-use books than to daily-use ones.
Leather and paper as alternatives
Leather, especially calf, is a traditional binding material, often used on older books. Paper-covered boards and cloth-and-paper combinations are also common. These are separate materials from cloth, but you may meet them when you compare options.
Using ordinary fabric
If you prefer a printed fabric, you can prepare it yourself. A common method is to adhere a thin paper to the back of the fabric with paste or an appropriate adhesive, press it flat while it dries, then cut and use it like purchased book cloth. Always make a small test piece first, because results vary with fibre, weave and adhesive. Pre-washing and ironing help, and tightly woven cotton is generally the easiest starting point.
How to choose
- Use: a frequently handled book benefits from a hard-wearing cloth such as buckram or a tightly woven cotton book cloth.
- Look and feel: colour, texture and flexibility matter. Order small samples if possible.
- Skill level: paper-backed book cloth is the most forgiving for beginners.
- Adhesive: use a bookbinding paste or PVA-type adhesive recommended for your cloth. Test first.
Where to buy book binding cloth
Bookbinding supply shops, art and craft suppliers, and some online retailers sell book cloth by the yard or in sheets. Many suppliers offer sample cards. Check the fibre content, backing type and recommended adhesive in each listing, and choose a supplier you trust.
What are book bindings called?
The word “binding” can refer both to the covering and to how the pages are held together. Hardcover bindings with a cloth cover are often called case bindings. Paperbacks are commonly called softcover or perfect bindings. Stitched pamphlets or notebooks use simple sewn bindings. The “four types” often cited for binding differ from source to source, but typically include case binding, perfect binding, saddle stitching and spiral or comb binding.
Caring for cloth-bound books
Keep books away from damp and direct sunlight, which can fade cloth and weaken adhesive. Dust gently with a soft brush or dry cloth. For valuable or antique books, consult a conservator before attempting repairs.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use any fabric for book binding? Many fabrics can work if they are backed or treated, but tightly woven fabrics are generally easier.
Is book cloth washable? Generally not; treat it like paper-based material and avoid moisture.
Is cloth better than paper? It depends on the book. Cloth tends to be more durable and tactile; paper is lighter and often cheaper.